Bakelite plywood (bakelized): another name - ship, shipbuilding, deck - what is it, differences between FBS and FBV, characteristics, dimensions, photos

What is bakelite plywood?

This material is usually classified as universal, since its scope of use is not limited only to construction work.
Such plywood has several common names - “aviation”, “Finnish”, “ship” or “deck”, “delta wood”. The characteristics of this variety are close to those of low-alloy steel. Such qualities are achieved through a special manufacturing technology, which includes impregnation with special alcohol- and water-soluble resins. The resulting coating is hard and visually resembles plastic or carbolite products.

Bakelized boards (FB) are made on the basis of birch veneer, like other brands of plywood, but have the best performance properties.

The combination of peeled birch veneer with bakelite varnishes and resins produces a material with the highest performance characteristics

Material Features:

• Water resistance. The exception is options made using water-based glue.
• Immune to the influence of microorganisms. The treatment completely eliminates the threat of mold, mildew and insects.
• Wear resistance. Combined with high strength, the resulting skin is able to withstand constant severe mechanical stress and withstand sudden temperature fluctuations in the range from -50 to +50 degrees.

Such parameters allow long-term use of products in various aggressive conditions without loss of properties.

On a note! Due to the high price, slabs are rarely found in stores and are mainly delivered to order.

Comparative advantages of OSB and plywood

Advantages of OSB

OSB boards are much cheaper than plywood, since the thin shavings used in production are lower in price. In addition, the OSB manufacturing process results in lower costs because most of the wood is used without waste. For the same reason, OSB is considered a more environmentally friendly material than plywood.

Unlike plywood, which is usually made from perfectly straight, mature, selected trees of certain species, OSB can be made from almost any tree. Adapted to the use of raw materials from fast-growing trees, OSB production helps to quickly replenish forest land. In addition, OSB can be made from wood from young trees, which can be quickly renewed by new planting.

OSB can also be recycled. Because OSB is made from wood chips, it allows the board to be produced in a variety of sizes, unlike plywood, which is often produced in shorter than standard lengths.

One of the disadvantages of OSB is that it is more susceptible to moisture damage if water gets on the cut edges. To prevent this, the edges of the finished slab are coated with a waterproof sealant.

Advantages of plywood

Plywood is a favorite material in construction as it is a relatively strong and durable material. Plywood is much more stable in nature and resistant to warping and shrinkage. It is slightly more resistant to moisture compared to OSB.

How to avoid unpleasant surprises during construction?

If you use OSB boards in construction, it is important that OSB-3 or OSB-4 is used for external work - the materials are guaranteed to have high moisture resistance. This is especially true if you intend to use OSB outdoors.

OSB-3 is a panel used as a structural board that can withstand wet conditions when caused by construction delays or other conditions of similar severity. Can be used for outdoor work, but under the protection of another material; with indoor humidity; at absolute humidity less than 19%.

OSB-4 - panels suitable for conditions of repeated humidification-drying processes or prolonged exposure to weather or other conditions of similar severity; in high humidity and contact with the ground; at absolute humidity more than 19%.

Let's summarize: in what ways is plywood inferior to OSB?

OSB is a higher quality product, more uniform, predictable and versatile in terms of use. Oriented strand boards have a more favorable ratio of weight and strength characteristics and are easily processed with conventional construction tools. For OSB, in principle, there is no such phenomenon as delamination. There are no air pockets or voids from fallen knots, which is often the “sin” of plywood. The adhesive formulation and modern pressing technologies completely eliminate the possibility of delamination of the OSB board, since the OSB production process is more technologically advanced and automated, and in order to comply with the standard, the boards are subjected to strict tests for internal stresses. OSB has almost the same tensile strength and modulus of elasticity in tension, compression and bending as plywood. But, since OSB has a more uniform structure, its shear strength is higher than that of plywood. The strength characteristics of OSB do not change under the influence of humidity, which is very important, by the way, given the typical delays in construction in Ukraine. But it is desirable that the ends of the slab be protected - they are susceptible to swelling when left in a humid environment for a long time. OSB boards have a low content of free formaldehyde. The binder is completely “bound” during the hot pressing process. The production process is safer for the environment: pulpwood, fine wood obtained from thinning, and fast-growing wood species are used in production. OSB technology is waste-free and energy self-sufficient. It meets strict environmental pollution standards. Unlike plywood, OSB is practically not susceptible to rotting, fungus and parasitic insects. Uniformity of OSB structure and properties: both surfaces of the OSB board have the same quality. Unlike plywood, the length of sheets of which is limited by the width of the cutter, OSB is produced on long and wide (including continuous) presses, which allows the production of a wide range of finished products. In addition, boards can be manufactured with specific properties for specific applications. Unlike plywood, OSB boards are produced in a wide range of thicknesses - from 6.0 to 38 mm. On slabs with a thickness of 12mm and above, tongue and groove joints can be milled. In conclusion, OSB has a particular advantage over plywood. OSB boards combine excellent strength and decorative properties. Although cedar veneer is sometimes used to make plywood, and such plywood is also used for decorative purposes, it is significantly more expensive than OSB.

Production of material

The production of plywood is carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST 11539-83.

Description of technology:

1. Birch logs arrive at the plant. At the preliminary stage, the raw materials are cleaned of bark and knots, after which they are sawn to the required size.
2. The resulting fragments are well soaked and supplied to wood peeling equipment.

   
   Scheme for obtaining peeled veneer

3. The veneer layers are moved to a line where glue is applied. Water- or alcohol-soluble cresol-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde resins are used for work.
4. The veneer finishing process varies depending on the brand being manufactured. To achieve the desired characteristics, the wood section can be impregnated with the selected composition or coated. The structure of the resulting slab consists of an odd number of layers; for the inner layer, it is allowed to use veneer strips 20 or 40 cm wide.
5. The formed panel is fed under a press, where it is exposed to a temperature of +270 degrees and a pressure of 6 atmospheres. As a result, the adhesive composition is plasticized, which ensures reliable adhesion.

It is the final stage of the technological process that allows us to obtain high-quality material. It is taken into account that the manufacturer must provide the products with the necessary designations and carry out certification.

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What does the price depend on?

The price of bakelized plywood, due to its exceptional qualities, is much higher than regular plywood, but, as professionals advise, it is better to use it.

Manufacturers of bakelite plywood in Russia, when setting prices, primarily focus on:

• Brand (since different types of resins are used);
• Reliability of the veneer used in production and its processing;
• Plywood sheet thickness and format: the larger, the more expensive.

But, you can always find the optimal price-quality ratio, for example, buying a thicker sheet will cost less than two thin ones.

How is plywood different from wood?

Standard types of plywood contain from 3 to 13 sheets of veneer; each subsequent sheet is applied to the created array perpendicular to the previous one, so that adjacent layers do not have the same fiber directions. In this way, the required strength of the resulting plywood is achieved in all directions, the shape of the sheet remains unchanged and is reliable during operation. All these qualities of plywood distinguish it from ordinary wood, expanding its scope of application. To improve the qualities of plywood, veneer layers can be combined with other materials, for example, rubber or various metals.

Requirements

When producing marine plywood, there are some important quality requirements to consider. These can be found in British Standard 1088/66. And also all of them are enshrined in the domestic document GOST 11539-83 of 1985.

The standard provides for several separate grades of marine plywood.

• FBV. This type consists of sheets, for impregnation and gluing of which special water-soluble compounds are used. Most often it is phenol-formaldehyde resin. But at the same time it is applied only to the outer parts of the material.
• FBV1. This type is similar to the previous one. However, here phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to both the external and internal sides.
• FBS. This grade of marine plywood is glued together using alcohol-soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin. Only the external parts are treated with this impregnation.
• FBS1. This type of stamp is treated with alcohol-soluble substances on both sides.

Marine plywood can be divided into 2 large groups - classic and non-classical grades. These types have different requirements. So, the first option is made from a special okume veneer. The products are distinguished by their relatively low weight, high level of flexibility and durability.

The classic variety has a laminated surface treated with waterproof compounds. The material is often used in combination with epoxy resin and fiberglass. This plywood is comparable in strength to carbon products. It is distinguished by special decorative properties, which determines its high cost.

More often it is used in the construction of decks for yachts and ordinary boats.

Non-classical plywood is made from various hardwoods, including beech, birch, and poplar. Cedar and pine are sometimes used. This plywood can be of a combined type. In this case, the top layer of the products is made of special peeled veneer, and the inner part is already made of hardwood.

This type should not be used for structural purposes - most often it is used for interior decoration or furniture production.

The cost of such materials will be slightly lower compared to the previous option.

In addition to the above requirements, there are other important nuances that should be taken into account when manufacturing and installing materials. The outer layers of sheets can only be made from solid strips of veneer. In the internal structure, merging of different elements with each other is permissible. In this case, the width of each strip must be at least 400 mm for the FBS brand or 200 mm for all other varieties.

In this case, the longitudinal rows of internal splicing should not coincide. Only in this case will the product be as durable and hard as possible. The outer surface of the plywood should not have areas that are not covered with transparent varnishes and other special compounds.

There should be no even small bubbles or unpressed areas on the surface of the sheet. Overlaps or irregularities with a height of more than 1 millimeter are also prohibited. All sheets can only be cut at right angles. In this case, the deviation per linear meter should be no more than 2 millimeters.

The ends of all sheets must be carefully processed.

On FBS brand models, the ends are treated with an additional layer of bakelite composition. On FBV brand samples they are coated with a special protective enamel.

Treatment of the product against the influence of moisture

Most often, acrylic compounds are used to provide properties such as moisture resistance. But you can get maximum results only by following the following recommendations:

1. Sanding the top layer of the product.
2. Applying an acrylic-based primer.
3. Coating the plywood with acrylic putty and drying. As for acrylic putty, there is a wide range of it on the construction market; the choice depends on your personal preference and price factor.
4. Remove gloss from surface.
5. Apply the primer solution again and dry.
6. Apply acrylic paint on top.

From this article you can find out which is better, USB or plywood for the floor.

The video shows the dimensions of bakelite plywood:

If you need to preserve the image existing on the plywood, then it is worth using a colorful composition with a transparent effect. Such compositions are developed specifically for wood processing, as they contain natural dyes. Thanks to primer and putty, it is possible to mask the weight of defects in the product. If the plywood will be used in a damp room, then it should be processed according to the presented plan on two surfaces and on the side.

The article describes the technical characteristics and price of grade 4 4 ​​plywood.

Stages and features of production

The “bakelite” component used in the production of bakelite plywood was invented at the beginning of the 20th century by the American chemist, Leo Hendrik Baekeland, who obtained it from phenol and formaldehyde with the addition of alkaline-type condensing substances.

This polymer was the first plastic capable of operating at high temperatures. In addition, it had dielectric properties and was not soluble in water. Bakelite then began to be used as one of the main components for the production of special grade plywood. It was made using birch veneer, impregnated or coated with phenol-formaldehyde resins.

Reducing exposure

Modern science does not stand still. Methods are being developed to help increase the environmental friendliness of plywood. One solution is to create a modified adhesive based on phenol-formaldehyde resin. It contains wheat flour and chalk, which increase the elasticity and viscosity of the adhesive joint. Moreover, they are natural products. This improves toxicity indicators and promotes energy saving in production.

There is also currently a concerted effort by manufacturers in different countries to develop completely environmentally friendly adhesives to make plywood a completely safe material for people and the environment. An alternative may be adhesives such as soy-based amino acids. They do not contain pollutants that cause gases. Safety plywood is also produced with an agrofibre or wheat straw core, which further makes it environmentally compliant.

Russia is a country with a fairly developed woodworking industry. Our plywood production has long traditions and a high level of accumulated knowledge. Rich forest resources and competitive production provide good opportunities to invest in new technologies, resulting in more sustainable plywood.

Marine Plywood: Key Properties and Regulatory Requirements

In this article we are going to get acquainted with a material that has characteristics that are quite unusual for a wood processing product. We will learn what moisture resistant marine plywood is and how and what it is made from. In addition, we have to study the standard regulating the requirements for its production.

What it is

So, marine plywood - what is it? This is a layered veneer structure with the direction of the fibers changing from layer to layer. Bakelite varnish was used as impregnation and gluing material.

Please note: the more correct name for the material under which it appears in the price lists of suppliers is bakelized (bakelite) plywood.

The history of the material began shortly before the Great Patriotic War. The Soviet Union was actively rearming; The shortage of light aluminum and magnesium alloys has created a need for a material comparable in mechanical properties, but more affordable. The technology for its production was developed by chemist Ya.D. Avrasin and was immediately introduced by aircraft manufacturer V.P. Gorbunov.

At that time she looked like this:

• The veneer was glued together into sheets of considerable area;
• They were impregnated with bakelite varnish, a product of condensation of phenols and formaldehydes in an alkaline environment;
• A stack of the required thickness was placed under a press with steam-heated plates for drying.

The resulting layered cake was not much inferior to the strength of steel, but was much lighter and not afraid of moisture. Very quickly, bakelite plywood spread from the aircraft industry to another industry - the production of small ships; a little later it began to be used in construction.

Nowadays you can find two main categories of plywood on sale:

1. Keruing and Okume marine plywood is made from veneer of exotic tropical species of the same name, and is characterized by a long service life and the highest mechanical strength. It is most often used in the construction of boats and yachts. However, it is produced exclusively abroad, so the price of the material makes it a rather expensive purchase;
2. The domestic version is made from birch veneer and costs about half as much.

Domestic material.

Properties

Here are the properties of bakelite plywood that made it so popular in shipbuilding:

• Water resistance. It tolerates prolonged contact with fresh and salt water; Moreover, the minimum service life in the most extreme conditions is estimated at 15 years;

Kayak with plywood hull.

• Fire resistance. It doesn't burn; the material just begins to char with the release of a small amount of low-toxic smoke when reaching 350 degrees;
• Strength. As already mentioned, it is not much inferior to a steel sheet of similar thickness;

Curious: when cutting bakelite plywood with your own hands, without power tools, use a hacksaw. This instruction is related specifically to the strength of the material: a saw designed for wood will leave only small scratches on the workpiece.

• Resistant to all types of mold and mildew.

The density of the material is approximately 1150 - 1200 kg/m3. Bakelite is the only type of plywood that sinks in water.

Regulatory Requirements

They are contained in the British standard BritishStandard 1088/66 and in the domestic GOST 11539-83, adopted in 1985. We will have to take a closer look at the second document.

Stamps

The standard provides for the following brands:

Important: only FBS brand is used for deck structures and hulls of boats and boats.

Section of a sheet of FBS grade.

Dimensions

GOST provides for the production of bakelite plywood in the following sizes:

• Length - 1500, 4400, 4900, 5600, 5700, 7700 mm;
• Width - 1250, 1500, 1550 mm;
• Thickness - 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 mm.

Conclusion

Bakelite plywood, as we have found out, has high performance qualities, thanks to which it can be used in the most critical structures. The only thing you should take into account is that many of its qualities depend on the type of adhesive composition and processing features. Therefore, the choice of material must be approached wisely.

You can get more information from the video in this article. If any of your questions remain unanswered after reading the material, you can ask them in the comments.

Classification of plywood by grade

The grade of plywood refers to the overall quality of the wood, the degree of its processing and the presence of visual defects.

Plywood is generally divided into 5 grades:

1. Grade E. Selected plywood with a perfectly smooth surface and without visual defects. Only minimal deviations from the original structure of the wood itself are allowed.
2. Grade 1. High-quality plywood with minor defects (warping and cracks) up to 20 mm.
3. Grade 2. Medium quality plywood with permissible cracks up to 200 mm and glue protrusion of no more than 2% of the total surface area.
4. Grade 3. Rejected plywood of average quality, which may contain small wormholes.
5. Grade 4. Low quality plywood with a large number of acceptable visual and structural defects.

By the way! You can often see the markings “4/4” or “3/4”, this is how the sides correspond to a certain grade. One side of such plywood will be considered the front side, which is very beneficial when you need sheets solely for wall decoration.

Manufacturing methods

Tree bark is used to make plywood. The logs are pre-soaked in water and steamed. After which, the veneer is cut in several ways: planing, sawing and peeling. Peeling is considered the most effective method, because the thickness of the cut bark is minimal and wood raw materials are consumed optimally. This process occurs using a rotating machine on which the tree trunk is clamped. In this case, rotation occurs around the knife, cutting the bark in a circle.

Next, the cut bark is sorted, depending on the defects present, according to quality grades, and processed in a special way to form sheets. After which, the sorted sheets are impregnated with glue and pressed. At the same time, each layer is perpendicular to the next, which provides special strength. The final part is surface treatment by lamination or grinding. After which, the finished products undergo quality control, are labeled and packaged.

So, we examined in detail the types of plywood by grade and type of wood, as well as the application of each type. Among such a variety of different brands, everyone can choose the best option in terms of price and quality. Summarizing all of the above, we can say with confidence that if you need a wood building material that is easy to use, affordable, durable, lightweight, and resistant to environmental conditions, then it is best to choose plywood.

Plywood is a multi-layer wood material

The composition of plywood is a multilayer wood material. Even its name comes from the method of its production - first appearing in France, the word fournir was translated as “to apply.” Plywood is made by gluing together several sheets of veneer, that is, thin layers of wood cut from a log on special machines called peelers. Cutting is obtained by processing the log in a spiral with wide knives, so that the width of the cut layer reaches the length of the log. The cut sheets are straightened and then cut to the required sizes.

Types and brands

There are several types of material, depending on the technology used by the manufacturer:

• FBS. Products of the highest quality. Distinctive properties appear due to the fact that the veneer is completely immersed in bakelite. This method ensures that all layers of plywood are impregnated with alcohol-soluble resin. The result is a moisture-resistant product that can withstand constant contact even with sea water. The material is expensive.
• FBS-1. For gluing, a composition similar to the previous one is used, but the layers being joined do not undergo impregnation. The bakelite mixture is applied only to the outer areas of the veneer.
• FBS A. The inner and outer layers of plywood are coated with an alcohol-soluble composition. The resulting sheets retain their basic properties, but are inferior to the previous options in terms of stability.
• FBS-1 A. The solution is used to treat the outer and inner layers, except for two layers, which are placed across and adjacent to the core on both sides.
• FBV. It is made on the basis of water-soluble resin, which retains all the qualities, but deprives the material of its resistance to moisture. External areas are impregnated, internal areas are coated.
• FBV-1. Similar to the previous version of plywood, the mixture is applied only to the veneer layers.

Classification of plywood by adhesive composition

The composition of the glue greatly affects the characteristics of the plywood sheet, so there are also separate classifications for it:

1. FSF. Plywood based on phenoformaldehyde glue. It is characterized by increased moisture resistance and strength. The resin composition includes harmful substances, which is why FSF is not recommended for use in finishing residential premises and making furniture.
2. FKM. Plywood based on melamine glue. Average level of moisture protection and concentration of harmful substances in the glue. A universal type of plywood that is suitable anywhere where there are no special requirements for moisture resistance and toxicity levels.
3. FC. Plywood based on urea glue. The composition of the glue is absolutely harmless to humans, but does not provide the wood with high moisture resistance. An ideal plywood option for interior decoration.
4. FBA. Plywood based on albumin casein glue. Environmentally friendly composition with the worst moisture resistance indicators. FBA plywood is absolutely non-moisture resistant and is only suitable for work in dry rooms.
5. FB. Plywood based on bakelisite glue. An expensive and versatile option with a high level of moisture resistance and strength. Bakelite plywood is further divided into 2 categories: FBS. Alcohol-soluble adhesive provides the best moisture resistance of plywood.
6. FBV. Water-soluble adhesive additionally strengthens the structure of the sheet and ensures high strength of the plywood.

By the way! Plywood markings may vary depending on the method of processing the layers with glue. For example, in FBV-1, the veneer layers are not impregnated with the composition, but are only coated. But in FBS-1A, not all layers are coated with glue, but only the longitudinal ones. Therefore, if you see such markings, you should know that the quality of such plywood will be slightly lower.

Unique material: where to use

Due to its technical production features, bakelite moisture-resistant plywood is used in the production of small ships, in the construction of aircraft and cars, and for flooring. This is an ideal option for making formwork.

Bakelite plywood Petrovich is suitable for the manufacture of billboards and information stands. Sports equipment is also made from this durable material. Thanks to the unique combination of wood properties and increased strength, plywood can be used in interior decoration. "

Interior decoration: how to use the material

In construction, bakelite plywood is used in both internal and external work. A technological feature is the need to attach the sheets to plastered surfaces and concrete structures using a special material, such as definol mastic.

To increase the service life, it can be impregnated with a special coating or impregnation. Bakelite laminated plywood is ideal for interior decoration. All joints and cracks on the walls must be pre-primed. The joints are closed with bars.

Bakelized plywood grades

The wood product is divided according to its technical characteristics acquired during the manufacturing process into two classes - FBV and FBS.

In this case, you can find sheets of the following brands:

• FBV plywood;
• FBV 1;
• FBS;
• FBS 1;
• FBS A;
• FBS 1A.

The standard letter “F” indicates the type of material - plywood, “B” - evidence of the applied bakelite coating; “B” - signals the addition of water-soluble resin when impregnating sheets; “C” is a symbol of the use of alcohol-soluble resin in production. The number “1” is added to the marking if all layers have been impregnated. FBS 1A plywood is a grade suitable for use in automobile production.

Dimensions and thickness

If you have decided on the type, purpose and grade, then further parameters for selecting and purchasing plywood are the thickness and dimensions of the sheet, because the cost depends on this.

According to GOST, the standard sheet dimensions are: 2440 x 1220 mm, but, at the same time, the most popular and convenient to use is: 1525 x 1525 mm. The following sizes are also offered: 1500 x 3000, 1525 x 3050 - in various variations of length and width, as well as non-standard sizes (determined by a specific manufacturer).

Dimensions according to GOST

The thickness of plywood from different manufacturers varies significantly within the range of 3-30 mm, and depends on the raw materials used in production and the number of layers in the product (from 3 to 21).

Varieties and brands

Bakelite plywood has two grades, depending on the resin with which the wood is impregnated:

• Bakelized plywood grade FBS contains alcohol-soluble resins (letter C);
• Bakelized plywood grade FBV contains water-soluble resins (letter B).

Bakelite plywood is widely used in construction in the manufacture of formwork. To clearly show the methods of using various subtypes, we use a table (brands are listed in order: from the highest quality to the standard):

It is worth noting that, despite the different properties, all varieties and brands of bakelite plywood comply with GOST 11539-83 and are subject to mandatory quality control during production and release of products, as well as certification by the manufacturer. So that the buyer does not have any doubts about the quality of the product, each sheet is marked in production - the manufacturer’s label is pressed in, as well as the designation of the grade and type. The warranty period for bakelite plywood is at least 5 years.

Foundation Block Technology

We offer you different types of forms - 3,4,5,6

Economic justification. The object of this feasibility study is a workshop for the production of foundation blocks (3,4,5) with a total capacity of 80 pieces per day.

Production infrastructure requirements

Main equipment, fixtures and fittings

The production time for molds is 45 days.

Workshop staff

Dissolver production time is 1 month. While you are preparing the production premises for installing equipment for block production, we will manufacture all the equipment.

Production costs (fixed) per month

Total production cost per day

The raw material cost of 1 block 30*240*60 is 16 USD. The production capacity of the equipment is 80 blocks per shift. Thus, the raw material cost per day is 1280 USD. e. + Production costs 93 USD. e. Total, total cost without taxes is 1373 USD.

The average market price of 1 block (30*240*60) is 35 USD. those. 35*80 – 2800 USD

Economic efficiency

When you open the production of foundation blocks, your profit is: Total cost per month 1373 * 22 = 30,200 USD. Sales price of the product is 2800 * 22 = 61,600 USD.

Profit for the month 61600 – 30200 = 31400 USD (excluding taxes)

Economic justification for opening production based on our own experience

Of course, in the first month your volumes will not exceed 50%, analyzing from your own experience.

At the same time, the competition of materials significantly exceeded the consumption of imported materials in relation to our products, but time passed and our products established themselves at low prices, since this is not our main business, due to discounts, production time of 1-2 days, written guarantees. If you have a demand for this, then it is possible to produce 120 blocks per shift.

This business brings in a lot of money because the investment is minimal. Our company brought technology from the West, and now you don’t need many forms (large capital investments), now you can do it quickly, efficiently and inexpensively.

Thus, even if you sell FBS at first, your profit will cover all your costs and you will receive a profit in the amount of 15,000-31,000 USD, and if you take away taxes, the net profit will be approximately from 11,000 to 27,000 USD.

Technical specifications

Plywood characteristics:

• Size. Width – 125, 150 and 155 cm, length – from 150 to 770 cm, thickness varies from 5 to 18 mm. It is possible to manufacture the material to order according to individual dimensions without loss of properties.
• Strength. Determined by type, thickness and test method. The maximum limit for statistical bending across the fibers of the outer layers is 78.5 MPa, the minimum is 63.5 MPa. When stretched along the structure – 88 and 59 MPa, respectively.
• Weight. With dimensions of 2440 x 1220 mm, products with a thickness of 7 mm have a mass of 25 kg, 12 mm - 43 kg, 18 mm - 64 kg.
• Density – no more than 1200 kg/m3.
• Residual humidity – 6–8%.
• Flammability. At a temperature of +350 degrees, charring occurs, but without the release of acrid smoke.
• The guaranteed shelf life depends on the brand of the product: FBS and FBS-1 - 7 years, other varieties - 5 years.
• Service life without loss of properties is from 10 to 15 years.

In addition to the usual types of bakelite plywood, there are highly specialized sheets with bakelite impregnation for specific purposes, for example, for aircraft construction

Bakelized plywood is mistakenly compared with laminated plywood: there is a visual similarity between the sheets, but the technical characteristics are different.

Division by type of wood

Based on the type of wood veneer, there are three types: birch, coniferous and combined. At the same time, they look only at the composition of the outer layers.

Berezovaya

Hardwood

Birch is a deciduous type of construction plywood. Birch bark veneer is a very durable and dense material that has a uniform structure.

On topic - what advantages does birch plywood have over coniferous plywood?

The density of such plywood is approximately 650 kg/m3, i.e. a sheet of such material is 20% stronger than a similar one made from another type of wood, but it does not contain natural resins at all, and it is more expensive.

It is mainly used where the unique properties of wood are required: strength and lightness. This is, first of all, large-scale and private construction, as well as carriage building, the automotive industry, shipbuilding, and packaging production.

Application area

Wear-resistant and reliable material is used in various fields. The application is limited only by the fact that the sheets are expensive, so in ordinary places they use more budget options that are suitable in quality.

Areas of use:

• construction;
• mechanical engineering;
• shipbuilding;
• instrument making.

For each specific case, sheets with the required properties are selected. For temporary work, inexpensive, unsanded types are chosen, and for critical work, laminated or sanded types are chosen.

During the war

The wing parts of the LaGG-3 fighter were made from bakelite plywood

In the pre-war years, there was an urgent need for structural materials for aircraft, so it was decided to use wood-laminated plastics, including bakelite plywood. The material showed more suitable qualities compared to wood.

The production process was developed by L.I. Ryzhkov, a Soviet aviation engineer, back in 1935, and in 1940 it was thoroughly studied by the All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials. The technology was subsequently improved.

The material was successfully used in the construction of high-speed fighters LaGG-3 and LaGG-1; parts of the wings and fuselage for the Yak and Il aircraft were made from it. Later, the initiative was taken up by the Japanese to produce kamikaze aircraft for attacks on the naval fort at Pearl Harbor.

Characteristics of bakelite plywood

Material characteristics

The material shows good quality, which determines its scope of application.

Bakelite plywood was tested many times in laboratory conditions, and the following parameters were experimentally determined:

• tensile strength along the fibers of the outer layer is for a thickness of 5.7 mm - 59 - 89 MPa, for a thickness of 10, 12 mm - 72.5 MPa, 14, 16, 18 mm - 68.5 MPa;
• the ultimate bending strength across the outer fibers is for a thickness of 7 mm - 63.5 MPa, 10, 14 mm - 68.5 - 80 MPa, 16, 18 mm - 79.5 - 90 MPa;
• the bending strength along the fibers of the outer layer is for a thickness of 8, 12 mm - 88 - 117.4 MPa, 14 - 18 mm - 78.5 - 108 MPa;
• the limit for stability during chipping has indicators for any thickness of 1.47 – 1.76 MPa;
• sheet moisture content is allowed for a thickness of 5 – 7 mm – 6 + 2%, for a thickness of 10 – 18 mm – 8 + 2%;
• the density for panels of different thicknesses is 1200 – 1470 kg/m³.

Resistant plywood is distinguished by the processing method; unsanded, sanded and laminated boards are distinguished. The first type is used for rough work, the second is intended for subsequent varnishing, the third type does not require additional finishing after installation.

By purpose

Also, it is very convenient to classify plywood according to methods of application, which we will consider below.

Ship's

Application in shipbuilding

This type of birch plywood is also called “marine”. Consists of the FB brand, i.e. it is impregnated with the most moisture-resistant bakelite glue under high pressure and temperature. Therefore, it can be successfully used in the construction and finishing of ships, boats, yachts and other watercraft, as well as wherever a material is required that can withstand heavy loads and not deform from rotting during long-term operation in conditions of constant humidity: ports, docks, berths and other structures.

Furniture

Plywood furniture

Furniture plywood must necessarily meet certain requirements, especially for children's institutions. This is, first of all, environmental safety (the absence of substances harmful to humans), durability (furniture usually experiences considerable loads during operation) and beautiful appearance. Birch plywood FK meets all these requirements, since its strength is higher than that of coniferous plywood, and it is impregnated with non-toxic urea glue. For the front sides of furniture it is better to use the first and second grades.

Construction

Construction plywood is mainly plywood of grades 3/4 and 4/4, which is used in internal hidden work: pre-finishing of floors, ceilings, walls; construction of interior partitions, floorings, podiums; leveling the subfloor, frame for a suspended ceiling, etc. Due to its lightness, strength, heat/sound insulation properties, ease of use, and also low cost, it is used wherever there are no increased requirements for a beautiful appearance.

Aviation

Use in aircraft manufacturing

This type of plywood is made from the FSF brand, impregnated with formaldehyde glue under special conditions, as a result, in terms of strength and moisture resistance, it is sometimes compared to steel, since, having a high density, it easily resists prolonged mechanical stress. Such qualities are required in order to use it in the most critical industries: the construction of aircraft, helicopters, large and small ships; in the carriage building and automotive industry.

Formwork

Formwork plywood is used in the construction of a concrete foundation, so it must have exceptional qualities in terms of strength, moisture resistance, resistance to an unfavorable environment and various deformations (swelling, drying out, cracking, etc.).

We wrote about the main advantages in the article laminated plywood for formwork, with all the characteristics and strength indicators.

All specified quality requirements are met only by laminated birch plywood FB with the maximum number of layers (thickness 18 mm for walls and 21 mm for floors). The process of laminating sheets with a protective film greatly enhances the basic qualities of this building material: the density approaches almost 700 kg/m3, and the maximum strength is: along the fibers - at least 55 MPa, across the fibers - at least 25 MPa. Thanks to these qualities, this material is wear-resistant and economical, i.e. After the foundation has been erected, the sheets can be reused many times.

Decorative

Plywood for decoration

Decorative plywood has the FK brand and is made from various types of wood, but always from elite or first grade, because It is the naturalness of the surface pattern that is valued. Also, to preserve the appearance and other valuable qualities of wood, it is either laminated or coated with a special varnish. Main applications: external and internal finishing, decoration, interior design, furniture, DIY crafts, etc.

Transport

Car body coating

It is also called “automotive” - it is laminated or mesh-ribbed (if you need a minimum of slip) FSF plywood. This plywood is used for the manufacture of various parts of trucks: metal frame upholstery for vans, flooring, door trim, etc. Due to their strength and moisture resistance, such parts can be used for a long time without fear of deformation or wear. Also, the advantages include ease of installation - almost all work can be done with your own hands and with little time.

Sources

• https://otdelkagid.ru/materialy/drugie/bakelitovaya-fanera-bakelizirovannaya-korabelnaya.html
• https://LenWood.ru/articles/vidy-sorta-i-sposoby-primeneniya-fanery/
• https://WoodShpala.ru/obrabotka-i-zashchita/bakelitovaya-fanera-razmery.html
• https://stroy-podskazka.ru/fanera/korabelnaja/
• https://stroyres.net/lesnye-materialy/fanera/bakelitovaya-ee-osobennosti-i-primenenie.html
• https://tv-color.ru/korabelnaya-fanera-chto-eto-takoe/
• https://polodon.ru/derevyannyj-pol/vidy-sorta-fanery/
• https://StrojDvor.ru/strojmaterialy/bakelitovaya-fanera/

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Where is plywood used?

Most often, chipboard-10 is purchased for various construction works. It is used to make reusable formwork, canopies, partitions, and various architectural structures. The material is also suitable for the automotive industry - it is used to make floors in some types of transport and vans.

Permanent formwork

Plywood is in demand in the construction of ships, boats, sea containers, and is suitable for deck cladding. Furniture made from plywood lasts a very long time and does not require repair. You can even make a small summer house out of it for your dacha and garden. It will be beautiful, comfortable and cozy, as well as incredibly strong and durable, like other structures made from this wonderful lumber.